What is Myopia?
Myopia, often referred to as nearsightedness or short-sightedness, is a prevalent refractive error of the eye which majorly affects our ability to see distant objects clearly. This visual disorder is a consequence of an increased eyeball length or a cornea with an excessive curve, causing light to focus in front of the retina rather than directly on it. As a result, the vision of people with myopia is clouded when observing distant objects, while close objects remain relatively clear.
According to the World Health Organization, approximately 1.5 billion people worldwide are affected by myopia. Moreover, if the current trends persist, almost half of the global population could be myopic by 2050. The increasing prevalence of this condition underscores the need for a comprehensive understanding of its symptoms, causes, and treatments.
Myopia Symptoms and Causes
The primary symptom of myopia is blurred distant vision. Individuals suffering from this condition may find themselves frequently squinting or straining their eyes in an attempt to get a clear view of distant objects. Other associated symptoms may include headaches due to eyestrain, difficulty driving, particularly at night (night myopia), and a feeling of eye fatigue when trying to view anything beyond arm’s length.
While the exact cause of myopia remains uncertain, it is largely believed to be an interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Studies suggest a higher risk of developing myopia if one or both parents are myopic. Additionally, environmental factors such as prolonged near tasks like reading, writing or increased screen time may contribute to the development and progression of myopia. Longer periods spent on these near tasks, especially without adequate breaks, can strain the eyes, leading to elongation of the eyeball.
Myopia Treatment
Myopia is primarily managed by corrective eyeglasses or contact lenses which adjust the way light enters the eye, enabling it to focus on the retina and render clear vision of distant objects. The lens power required varies depending on the severity of the condition, and regular eye examinations are crucial to ensure the correction remains optimal as the condition can progress over time.
In recent years, orthokeratology (Ortho-K) has emerged as an effective non-surgical treatment option. This involves wearing rigid gas-permeable contact lenses overnight which temporarily reshape the cornea, reducing myopic symptoms during the day. However, the effects are not long-lasting, and usage must be maintained for ongoing benefits.
Certain eye drops like low-dose atropine have shown promising results in slowing the progression of myopia in children. Surgical procedures such as LASIK and PRK are also available to permanently reshape the cornea and correct the refractive error. However, these are typically reserved for adults whose eyes have stopped growing.
Prevention and control of myopia constitutes a significant part of the management strategy. Encouraging children to spend more time outdoors and limiting their screen time have been linked to reduced risks of developing myopia.
In conclusion, while myopia is a common eye disorder, understanding its signs and causes plays a significant role in early detection and treatment. Regular eye check-ups and lifestyle adjustments can prove beneficial in managing this condition and preserving long-term eye health.
