What is viral conjunctivitis? Symptoms, causes and treatment

Viral Conjunctivitis, often referred to as "pink eye," is a common eye infection that causes inflammation and irritation. It affects the thin layer called the conjunctiva, which covers the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids. Viral conjunctivitis is highly infectious, spreading quickly from person to person, and is often seen in outbreaks within schools, homes, or workplaces.

 

 

The symptoms manifest as redness, itchiness, increased watering of the eyes, a slight burning sensation, or a feeling of grittiness. Other indications may include light sensitivity, swollen eyelids, and sometimes a sticky coating on the eyelashes, primarily upon waking up. In some cases, the individual may experience a mild fever, respiratory symptom, or swollen lymph nodes in the ear or neck area, indicating a systemic infection.

Viral conjunctivitis is usually caused by a group of viruses called adenovirus. Other viruses like the ones causing herpes, measles, rubella, chickenpox, hepatitis, and influenza can also cause this ailment. An essential factor to note is that viral conjunctivitis is highly contagious. It spreads through direct contact with the hands of an infected individual, or by touching surfaces contaminated by the virus such as a doorknob, and then touching the eye. Exposure to infected respiratory droplets when the infected person coughs or sneezes is another common pathway for the spread of this infection. Since these viruses are ubiquitous and resistant, the risk of contracting viral conjunctivitis is high, especially in crowded environments.

 

 

Treating viral conjunctivitis can be challenging due to the absence of specific anti-viral medications for most of the causative agents, except for some forms like the herpes-related variety. The disease, however, is self-limiting and usually resolves in two to three weeks without treatment.

The primary focus of managing viral conjunctivitis is symptom alleviation. Over-the-counter remedies like artificial tears can help combat dryness and discomfort caused by the inflammation. Applying a cold or warm compress to the affected eye multiple times a day can also provide relief. Anti-inflammatory and antihistamine drugs may help reduce inflammation and itching, respectively.

 

It is crucial to maintain strict hygiene to prevent the spread of the infection. This protocol includes not touching the eyes with hands, washing hands frequently, and not sharing personal items like towels or cosmetics. Infected individuals should also refrain from going to work, school, or public places until they are no longer contagious, which is usually seven to fourteen days from symptom onset.

 

In conclusion, while viral conjunctivitis is a common and highly contagious eye infection, it is self-resolving in most cases. Hygiene standards play a vital role in controlling its spread. Any persistent or worsening symptoms should be promptly reported to a healthcare professional, as a severe form of the disease may cause eye damage. Therefore, being proactive in recognizing symptoms, practicing good hand hygiene, and consulting a health professional can effectively manage viral conjunctivitis.